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Filename : longobject.h
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#ifndef Py_LONGOBJECT_H
#define Py_LONGOBJECT_H
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif


/* Long (arbitrary precision) integer object interface */

typedef struct _longobject PyLongObject; /* Revealed in longintrepr.h */

PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyLong_Type;

#define PyLong_Check(op) \
        PyType_FastSubclass(Py_TYPE(op), Py_TPFLAGS_LONG_SUBCLASS)
#define PyLong_CheckExact(op) (Py_TYPE(op) == &PyLong_Type)

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_FromLong(long);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(unsigned long);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_FromSize_t(size_t);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_FromSsize_t(Py_ssize_t);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_FromDouble(double);
PyAPI_FUNC(long) PyLong_AsLong(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(long) PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(PyObject *, int *);
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyLong_AsSsize_t(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(size_t) PyLong_AsSize_t(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(unsigned long) PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(unsigned long) PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(PyObject *);
#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_AsInt(PyObject *);
#endif
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_GetInfo(void);

/* It may be useful in the future. I've added it in the PyInt -> PyLong
   cleanup to keep the extra information. [CH] */
#define PyLong_AS_LONG(op) PyLong_AsLong(op)

/* Issue #1983: pid_t can be longer than a C long on some systems */
#if !defined(SIZEOF_PID_T) || SIZEOF_PID_T == SIZEOF_INT
#define _Py_PARSE_PID "i"
#define PyLong_FromPid PyLong_FromLong
#define PyLong_AsPid PyLong_AsLong
#elif SIZEOF_PID_T == SIZEOF_LONG
#define _Py_PARSE_PID "l"
#define PyLong_FromPid PyLong_FromLong
#define PyLong_AsPid PyLong_AsLong
#elif defined(SIZEOF_LONG_LONG) && SIZEOF_PID_T == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
#define _Py_PARSE_PID "L"
#define PyLong_FromPid PyLong_FromLongLong
#define PyLong_AsPid PyLong_AsLongLong
#else
#error "sizeof(pid_t) is neither sizeof(int), sizeof(long) or sizeof(long long)"
#endif /* SIZEOF_PID_T */

#if SIZEOF_VOID_P == SIZEOF_INT
#  define _Py_PARSE_INTPTR "i"
#  define _Py_PARSE_UINTPTR "I"
#elif SIZEOF_VOID_P == SIZEOF_LONG
#  define _Py_PARSE_INTPTR "l"
#  define _Py_PARSE_UINTPTR "k"
#elif defined(SIZEOF_LONG_LONG) && SIZEOF_VOID_P == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
#  define _Py_PARSE_INTPTR "L"
#  define _Py_PARSE_UINTPTR "K"
#else
#  error "void* different in size from int, long and long long"
#endif /* SIZEOF_VOID_P */

/* Used by Python/mystrtoul.c, _PyBytes_FromHex(),
   _PyBytes_DecodeEscapeRecode(), etc. */
#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_DATA(unsigned char) _PyLong_DigitValue[256];
#endif

/* _PyLong_Frexp returns a double x and an exponent e such that the
   true value is approximately equal to x * 2**e.  e is >= 0.  x is
   0.0 if and only if the input is 0 (in which case, e and x are both
   zeroes); otherwise, 0.5 <= abs(x) < 1.0.  On overflow, which is
   possible if the number of bits doesn't fit into a Py_ssize_t, sets
   OverflowError and returns -1.0 for x, 0 for e. */
#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(double) _PyLong_Frexp(PyLongObject *a, Py_ssize_t *e);
#endif

PyAPI_FUNC(double) PyLong_AsDouble(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_FromVoidPtr(void *);
PyAPI_FUNC(void *) PyLong_AsVoidPtr(PyObject *);

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_FromLongLong(long long);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(unsigned long long);
PyAPI_FUNC(long long) PyLong_AsLongLong(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(unsigned long long) PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(unsigned long long) PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(long long) PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(PyObject *, int *);

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_FromString(const char *, char **, int);
#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_FromUnicode(Py_UNICODE*, Py_ssize_t, int);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_FromUnicodeObject(PyObject *u, int base);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyLong_FromBytes(const char *, Py_ssize_t, int);
#endif

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
/* _PyLong_Sign.  Return 0 if v is 0, -1 if v < 0, +1 if v > 0.
   v must not be NULL, and must be a normalized long.
   There are no error cases.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_Sign(PyObject *v);


/* _PyLong_NumBits.  Return the number of bits needed to represent the
   absolute value of a long.  For example, this returns 1 for 1 and -1, 2
   for 2 and -2, and 2 for 3 and -3.  It returns 0 for 0.
   v must not be NULL, and must be a normalized long.
   (size_t)-1 is returned and OverflowError set if the true result doesn't
   fit in a size_t.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(size_t) _PyLong_NumBits(PyObject *v);

/* _PyLong_DivmodNear.  Given integers a and b, compute the nearest
   integer q to the exact quotient a / b, rounding to the nearest even integer
   in the case of a tie.  Return (q, r), where r = a - q*b.  The remainder r
   will satisfy abs(r) <= abs(b)/2, with equality possible only if q is
   even.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyLong_DivmodNear(PyObject *, PyObject *);

/* _PyLong_FromByteArray:  View the n unsigned bytes as a binary integer in
   base 256, and return a Python int with the same numeric value.
   If n is 0, the integer is 0.  Else:
   If little_endian is 1/true, bytes[n-1] is the MSB and bytes[0] the LSB;
   else (little_endian is 0/false) bytes[0] is the MSB and bytes[n-1] the
   LSB.
   If is_signed is 0/false, view the bytes as a non-negative integer.
   If is_signed is 1/true, view the bytes as a 2's-complement integer,
   non-negative if bit 0x80 of the MSB is clear, negative if set.
   Error returns:
   + Return NULL with the appropriate exception set if there's not
     enough memory to create the Python int.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyLong_FromByteArray(
    const unsigned char* bytes, size_t n,
    int little_endian, int is_signed);

/* _PyLong_AsByteArray: Convert the least-significant 8*n bits of long
   v to a base-256 integer, stored in array bytes.  Normally return 0,
   return -1 on error.
   If little_endian is 1/true, store the MSB at bytes[n-1] and the LSB at
   bytes[0]; else (little_endian is 0/false) store the MSB at bytes[0] and
   the LSB at bytes[n-1].
   If is_signed is 0/false, it's an error if v < 0; else (v >= 0) n bytes
   are filled and there's nothing special about bit 0x80 of the MSB.
   If is_signed is 1/true, bytes is filled with the 2's-complement
   representation of v's value.  Bit 0x80 of the MSB is the sign bit.
   Error returns (-1):
   + is_signed is 0 and v < 0.  TypeError is set in this case, and bytes
     isn't altered.
   + n isn't big enough to hold the full mathematical value of v.  For
     example, if is_signed is 0 and there are more digits in the v than
     fit in n; or if is_signed is 1, v < 0, and n is just 1 bit shy of
     being large enough to hold a sign bit.  OverflowError is set in this
     case, but bytes holds the least-significant n bytes of the true value.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_AsByteArray(PyLongObject* v,
    unsigned char* bytes, size_t n,
    int little_endian, int is_signed);

/* _PyLong_FromNbInt: Convert the given object to a PyLongObject
   using the nb_int slot, if available.  Raise TypeError if either the
   nb_int slot is not available or the result of the call to nb_int
   returns something not of type int.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyLongObject *)_PyLong_FromNbInt(PyObject *);

/* _PyLong_Format: Convert the long to a string object with given base,
   appending a base prefix of 0[box] if base is 2, 8 or 16. */
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyLong_Format(PyObject *obj, int base);

PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_FormatWriter(
    _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
    PyObject *obj,
    int base,
    int alternate);

PyAPI_FUNC(char*) _PyLong_FormatBytesWriter(
    _PyBytesWriter *writer,
    char *str,
    PyObject *obj,
    int base,
    int alternate);

/* Format the object based on the format_spec, as defined in PEP 3101
   (Advanced String Formatting). */
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_FormatAdvancedWriter(
    _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
    PyObject *obj,
    PyObject *format_spec,
    Py_ssize_t start,
    Py_ssize_t end);
#endif /* Py_LIMITED_API */

/* These aren't really part of the int object, but they're handy. The
   functions are in Python/mystrtoul.c.
 */
PyAPI_FUNC(unsigned long) PyOS_strtoul(const char *, char **, int);
PyAPI_FUNC(long) PyOS_strtol(const char *, char **, int);

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
/* For use by the gcd function in mathmodule.c */
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyLong_GCD(PyObject *, PyObject *);
#endif /* !Py_LIMITED_API */

#ifdef Py_BUILD_CORE
/*
 * Default int base conversion size limitation: Denial of Service prevention.
 *
 * Chosen such that this isn't wildly slow on modern hardware and so that
 * everyone's existing deployed numpy test suite passes before
 * https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/22098 is widely available.
 *
 * $ python -m timeit -s 's = "1"*4300' 'int(s)'
 * 2000 loops, best of 5: 125 usec per loop
 * $ python -m timeit -s 's = "1"*4300; v = int(s)' 'str(v)'
 * 1000 loops, best of 5: 311 usec per loop
 * (zen2 cloud VM)
 *
 * 4300 decimal digits fits a ~14284 bit number.
 */
#define _PY_LONG_DEFAULT_MAX_STR_DIGITS 4300
/*
 * Threshold for max digits check.  For performance reasons int() and
 * int.__str__() don't checks values that are smaller than this
 * threshold.  Acts as a guaranteed minimum size limit for bignums that
 * applications can expect from CPython.
 *
 * % python -m timeit -s 's = "1"*640; v = int(s)' 'str(int(s))'
 * 20000 loops, best of 5: 12 usec per loop
 *
 * "640 digits should be enough for anyone." - gps
 * fits a ~2126 bit decimal number.
 */
#define _PY_LONG_MAX_STR_DIGITS_THRESHOLD 640

#if ((_PY_LONG_DEFAULT_MAX_STR_DIGITS != 0) && \
   (_PY_LONG_DEFAULT_MAX_STR_DIGITS < _PY_LONG_MAX_STR_DIGITS_THRESHOLD))
# error "_PY_LONG_DEFAULT_MAX_STR_DIGITS smaller than threshold."
#endif

#endif /* Py_BUILD_CORE */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* !Py_LONGOBJECT_H */