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# MySQL Connector/Python - MySQL driver written in Python. # Copyright (c) 2014, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. # MySQL Connector/Python is licensed under the terms of the GPLv2 # <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html>, like most # MySQL Connectors. There are special exceptions to the terms and # conditions of the GPLv2 as it is applied to this software, see the # FOSS License Exception # <http://www.mysql.com/about/legal/licensing/foss-exception.html>. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA """Module gathering all abstract base classes""" from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod, abstractproperty import re import time from .catch23 import make_abc, BYTE_TYPES from .conversion import MySQLConverterBase from .constants import ClientFlag, CharacterSet, DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION from .optionfiles import MySQLOptionsParser from . import errors @make_abc(ABCMeta) class MySQLConnectionAbstract(object): """Abstract class for classes connecting to a MySQL server""" def __init__(self, **kwargs): """Initialize""" self._client_flags = ClientFlag.get_default() self._charset_id = 33 self._sql_mode = None self._time_zone = None self._autocommit = False self._server_version = None self._handshake = None self._user = '' self._password = '' self._database = '' self._host = '127.0.0.1' self._port = 3306 self._unix_socket = None self._client_host = '' self._client_port = 0 self._ssl = {} self._force_ipv6 = False self._use_unicode = True self._get_warnings = False self._raise_on_warnings = False self._connection_timeout = None self._buffered = False self._unread_result = False self._have_next_result = False self._raw = False self._in_transaction = False self._prepared_statements = None self._ssl_active = False self._auth_plugin = None self._pool_config_version = None self.converter = None self._converter_class = None self._compress = False self._consume_results = False def _get_self(self): """Return self for weakref.proxy This method is used when the original object is needed when using weakref.proxy. """ return self def _read_option_files(self, config): """ Read option files for connection parameters. Checks if connection arguments contain option file arguments, and then reads option files accordingly. """ if 'option_files' in config: try: if isinstance(config['option_groups'], str): config['option_groups'] = [config['option_groups']] groups = config['option_groups'] del config['option_groups'] except KeyError: groups = ['client', 'connector_python'] if isinstance(config['option_files'], str): config['option_files'] = [config['option_files']] option_parser = MySQLOptionsParser(list(config['option_files']), keep_dashes=False) del config['option_files'] config_from_file = option_parser.get_groups_as_dict_with_priority( *groups) config_options = {} for group in groups: try: for option, value in config_from_file[group].items(): try: if option == 'socket': option = 'unix_socket' # pylint: disable=W0104 DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION[option] # pylint: enable=W0104 if (option not in config_options or config_options[option][1] <= value[1]): config_options[option] = value except KeyError: if group is 'connector_python': raise AttributeError("Unsupported argument " "'{0}'".format(option)) except KeyError: continue for option, value in config_options.items(): if option not in config: try: config[option] = eval(value[0]) # pylint: disable=W0123 except (NameError, SyntaxError): config[option] = value[0] return config @property def user(self): """User used while connecting to MySQL""" return self._user @property def server_host(self): """MySQL server IP address or name""" return self._host @property def server_port(self): "MySQL server TCP/IP port" return self._port @property def unix_socket(self): "MySQL Unix socket file location" return self._unix_socket @abstractproperty def database(self): """Get the current database""" pass @database.setter def database(self, value): """Set the current database""" self.cmd_query("USE %s" % value) @property def can_consume_results(self): """Returns whether to consume results""" return self._consume_results def config(self, **kwargs): """Configure the MySQL Connection This method allows you to configure the MySQLConnection instance. Raises on errors. """ config = kwargs.copy() if 'dsn' in config: raise errors.NotSupportedError("Data source name is not supported") # Read option files self._read_option_files(config) # Configure how we handle MySQL warnings try: self.get_warnings = config['get_warnings'] del config['get_warnings'] except KeyError: pass # Leave what was set or default try: self.raise_on_warnings = config['raise_on_warnings'] del config['raise_on_warnings'] except KeyError: pass # Leave what was set or default # Configure client flags try: default = ClientFlag.get_default() self.set_client_flags(config['client_flags'] or default) del config['client_flags'] except KeyError: pass # Missing client_flags-argument is OK try: if config['compress']: self._compress = True self.set_client_flags([ClientFlag.COMPRESS]) except KeyError: pass # Missing compress argument is OK try: if not config['allow_local_infile']: self.set_client_flags([-ClientFlag.LOCAL_FILES]) except KeyError: pass # Missing allow_local_infile argument is OK try: if not config['consume_results']: self._consume_results = False else: self._consume_results = True except KeyError: self._consume_results = False # Configure character set and collation if 'charset' in config or 'collation' in config: try: charset = config['charset'] del config['charset'] except KeyError: charset = None try: collation = config['collation'] del config['collation'] except KeyError: collation = None self._charset_id = CharacterSet.get_charset_info(charset, collation)[0] # Set converter class try: self.set_converter_class(config['converter_class']) except KeyError: pass # Using default converter class except TypeError: raise AttributeError("Converter class should be a subclass " "of conversion.MySQLConverterBase.") # Compatible configuration with other drivers compat_map = [ # (<other driver argument>,<translates to>) ('db', 'database'), ('passwd', 'password'), ('connect_timeout', 'connection_timeout'), ] for compat, translate in compat_map: try: if translate not in config: config[translate] = config[compat] del config[compat] except KeyError: pass # Missing compat argument is OK # Configure login information if 'user' in config or 'password' in config: try: user = config['user'] del config['user'] except KeyError: user = self._user try: password = config['password'] del config['password'] except KeyError: password = self._password self.set_login(user, password) # Check network locations try: self._port = int(config['port']) del config['port'] except KeyError: pass # Missing port argument is OK except ValueError: raise errors.InterfaceError( "TCP/IP port number should be an integer") # Other configuration set_ssl_flag = False for key, value in config.items(): try: DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION[key] except KeyError: raise AttributeError("Unsupported argument '{0}'".format(key)) # SSL Configuration if key.startswith('ssl_'): set_ssl_flag = True self._ssl.update({key.replace('ssl_', ''): value}) else: attribute = '_' + key try: setattr(self, attribute, value.strip()) except AttributeError: setattr(self, attribute, value) if set_ssl_flag: if 'verify_cert' not in self._ssl: self._ssl['verify_cert'] = \ DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION['ssl_verify_cert'] # Make sure both ssl_key/ssl_cert are set, or neither (XOR) if 'ca' not in self._ssl or self._ssl['ca'] is None: raise AttributeError( "Missing ssl_ca argument.") if bool('key' in self._ssl) != bool('cert' in self._ssl): raise AttributeError( "ssl_key and ssl_cert need to be both " "specified, or neither." ) # Make sure key/cert are set to None elif not set(('key', 'cert')) <= set(self._ssl): self._ssl['key'] = None self._ssl['cert'] = None elif (self._ssl['key'] is None) != (self._ssl['cert'] is None): raise AttributeError( "ssl_key and ssl_cert need to be both " "set, or neither." ) self.set_client_flags([ClientFlag.SSL]) def _check_server_version(self, server_version): """Check the MySQL version This method will check the MySQL version and raise an InterfaceError when it is not supported or invalid. It will return the version as a tuple with major, minor and patch. Raises InterfaceError if invalid server version. Returns tuple """ if isinstance(server_version, BYTE_TYPES): server_version = server_version.decode() # pylint: disable=W1401 regex_ver = re.compile(r"^(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,3})(.*)") # pylint: enable=W1401 match = regex_ver.match(server_version) if not match: raise errors.InterfaceError("Failed parsing MySQL version") version = tuple([int(v) for v in match.groups()[0:3]]) if 'fabric' in match.group(4).lower(): if version < (1, 5): raise errors.InterfaceError( "MySQL Fabric '{0}' is not supported".format( server_version)) elif version < (4, 1): raise errors.InterfaceError( "MySQL Version '{0}' is not supported.".format(server_version)) return version def get_server_version(self): """Get the MySQL version This method returns the MySQL server version as a tuple. If not previously connected, it will return None. Returns a tuple or None. """ return self._server_version def get_server_info(self): """Get the original MySQL version information This method returns the original MySQL server as text. If not previously connected, it will return None. Returns a string or None. """ try: return self._handshake['server_version_original'] except (TypeError, KeyError): return None @abstractproperty def in_transaction(self): """MySQL session has started a transaction""" pass def set_client_flags(self, flags): """Set the client flags The flags-argument can be either an int or a list (or tuple) of ClientFlag-values. If it is an integer, it will set client_flags to flags as is. If flags is a list (or tuple), each flag will be set or unset when it's negative. set_client_flags([ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS,-ClientFlag.LONG_FLAG]) Raises ProgrammingError when the flags argument is not a set or an integer bigger than 0. Returns self.client_flags """ if isinstance(flags, int) and flags > 0: self._client_flags = flags elif isinstance(flags, (tuple, list)): for flag in flags: if flag < 0: self._client_flags &= ~abs(flag) else: self._client_flags |= flag else: raise errors.ProgrammingError( "set_client_flags expect integer (>0) or set") return self._client_flags def isset_client_flag(self, flag): """Check if a client flag is set""" if (self._client_flags & flag) > 0: return True return False @property def time_zone(self): """Get the current time zone""" return self.info_query("SELECT @@session.time_zone")[0] @time_zone.setter def time_zone(self, value): """Set the time zone""" self.cmd_query("SET @@session.time_zone = '{0}'".format(value)) self._time_zone = value @property def sql_mode(self): """Get the SQL mode""" return self.info_query("SELECT @@session.sql_mode")[0] @sql_mode.setter def sql_mode(self, value): """Set the SQL mode This method sets the SQL Mode for the current connection. The value argument can be either a string with comma separate mode names, or a sequence of mode names. It is good practice to use the constants class SQLMode: from mysql.connector.constants import SQLMode cnx.sql_mode = [SQLMode.NO_ZERO_DATE, SQLMode.REAL_AS_FLOAT] """ if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)): value = ','.join(value) self.cmd_query("SET @@session.sql_mode = '{0}'".format(value)) self._sql_mode = value @abstractmethod def info_query(self, query): """Send a query which only returns 1 row""" pass def set_login(self, username=None, password=None): """Set login information for MySQL Set the username and/or password for the user connecting to the MySQL Server. """ if username is not None: self._user = username.strip() else: self._user = '' if password is not None: self._password = password else: self._password = '' def set_unicode(self, value=True): """Toggle unicode mode Set whether we return string fields as unicode or not. Default is True. """ self._use_unicode = value if self.converter: self.converter.set_unicode(value) @property def autocommit(self): """Get whether autocommit is on or off""" value = self.info_query("SELECT @@session.autocommit")[0] return True if value == 1 else False @autocommit.setter def autocommit(self, value): """Toggle autocommit""" switch = 'ON' if value else 'OFF' self.cmd_query("SET @@session.autocommit = {0}".format(switch)) self._autocommit = value @property def get_warnings(self): """Get whether this connection retrieves warnings automatically This method returns whether this connection retrieves warnings automatically. Returns True, or False when warnings are not retrieved. """ return self._get_warnings @get_warnings.setter def get_warnings(self, value): """Set whether warnings should be automatically retrieved The toggle-argument must be a boolean. When True, cursors for this connection will retrieve information about warnings (if any). Raises ValueError on error. """ if not isinstance(value, bool): raise ValueError("Expected a boolean type") self._get_warnings = value @property def raise_on_warnings(self): """Get whether this connection raises an error on warnings This method returns whether this connection will raise errors when MySQL reports warnings. Returns True or False. """ return self._raise_on_warnings @raise_on_warnings.setter def raise_on_warnings(self, value): """Set whether warnings raise an error The toggle-argument must be a boolean. When True, cursors for this connection will raise an error when MySQL reports warnings. Raising on warnings implies retrieving warnings automatically. In other words: warnings will be set to True. If set to False, warnings will be also set to False. Raises ValueError on error. """ if not isinstance(value, bool): raise ValueError("Expected a boolean type") self._raise_on_warnings = value self._get_warnings = value @property def unread_result(self): """Get whether there is an unread result This method is used by cursors to check whether another cursor still needs to retrieve its result set. Returns True, or False when there is no unread result. """ return self._unread_result @unread_result.setter def unread_result(self, value): """Set whether there is an unread result This method is used by cursors to let other cursors know there is still a result set that needs to be retrieved. Raises ValueError on errors. """ if not isinstance(value, bool): raise ValueError("Expected a boolean type") self._unread_result = value @property def charset(self): """Returns the character set for current connection This property returns the character set name of the current connection. The server is queried when the connection is active. If not connected, the configured character set name is returned. Returns a string. """ return CharacterSet.get_info(self._charset_id)[0] @property def python_charset(self): """Returns the Python character set for current connection This property returns the character set name of the current connection. Note that, unlike property charset, this checks if the previously set character set is supported by Python and if not, it returns the equivalent character set that Python supports. Returns a string. """ encoding = CharacterSet.get_info(self._charset_id)[0] if encoding in ('utf8mb4', 'binary'): return 'utf8' else: return encoding def set_charset_collation(self, charset=None, collation=None): """Sets the character set and collation for the current connection This method sets the character set and collation to be used for the current connection. The charset argument can be either the name of a character set as a string, or the numerical equivalent as defined in constants.CharacterSet. When the collation is not given, the default will be looked up and used. For example, the following will set the collation for the latin1 character set to latin1_general_ci: set_charset('latin1','latin1_general_ci') """ if charset: if isinstance(charset, int): self._charset_id = charset (self._charset_id, charset_name, collation_name) = \ CharacterSet.get_charset_info(charset) elif isinstance(charset, str): (self._charset_id, charset_name, collation_name) = \ CharacterSet.get_charset_info(charset, collation) else: raise ValueError( "charset should be either integer, string or None") elif collation: (self._charset_id, charset_name, collation_name) = \ CharacterSet.get_charset_info(collation=collation) self._execute_query("SET NAMES '{0}' COLLATE '{1}'".format( charset_name, collation_name)) try: # Required for C Extension self.set_character_set_name(charset_name) # pylint: disable=E1101 except AttributeError: # Not required for pure Python connection pass if self.converter: self.converter.set_charset(charset_name) @property def collation(self): """Returns the collation for current connection This property returns the collation name of the current connection. The server is queried when the connection is active. If not connected, the configured collation name is returned. Returns a string. """ return CharacterSet.get_charset_info(self._charset_id)[2] @abstractmethod def _do_handshake(self): """Gather information of the MySQL server before authentication""" pass @abstractmethod def _open_connection(self): """Open the connection to the MySQL server""" pass def _post_connection(self): """Executes commands after connection has been established This method executes commands after the connection has been established. Some setting like autocommit, character set, and SQL mode are set using this method. """ self.set_charset_collation(self._charset_id) self.autocommit = self._autocommit if self._time_zone: self.time_zone = self._time_zone if self._sql_mode: self.sql_mode = self._sql_mode @abstractmethod def disconnect(self): """Disconnect from the MySQL server""" pass close = disconnect def connect(self, **kwargs): """Connect to the MySQL server This method sets up the connection to the MySQL server. If no arguments are given, it will use the already configured or default values. """ if len(kwargs) > 0: self.config(**kwargs) self.disconnect() self._open_connection() self._post_connection() def reconnect(self, attempts=1, delay=0): """Attempt to reconnect to the MySQL server The argument attempts should be the number of times a reconnect is tried. The delay argument is the number of seconds to wait between each retry. You may want to set the number of attempts higher and use delay when you expect the MySQL server to be down for maintenance or when you expect the network to be temporary unavailable. Raises InterfaceError on errors. """ counter = 0 while counter != attempts: counter = counter + 1 try: self.disconnect() self.connect() if self.is_connected(): break except Exception as err: # pylint: disable=W0703 if counter == attempts: msg = "Can not reconnect to MySQL after {0} "\ "attempt(s): {1}".format(attempts, str(err)) raise errors.InterfaceError(msg) if delay > 0: time.sleep(delay) @abstractmethod def is_connected(self): """Reports whether the connection to MySQL Server is available""" pass @abstractmethod def ping(self, reconnect=False, attempts=1, delay=0): """Check availability of the MySQL server""" pass @abstractmethod def commit(self): """Commit current transaction""" pass @abstractmethod def cursor(self, buffered=None, raw=None, prepared=None, cursor_class=None, dictionary=None, named_tuple=None): """Instantiates and returns a cursor""" pass @abstractmethod def _execute_query(self, query): """Execute a query""" pass @abstractmethod def rollback(self): """Rollback current transaction""" pass def start_transaction(self, consistent_snapshot=False, isolation_level=None, readonly=None): """Start a transaction This method explicitly starts a transaction sending the START TRANSACTION statement to the MySQL server. You can optionally set whether there should be a consistent snapshot, which isolation level you need or which access mode i.e. READ ONLY or READ WRITE. For example, to start a transaction with isolation level SERIALIZABLE, you would do the following: >>> cnx = mysql.connector.connect(..) >>> cnx.start_transaction(isolation_level='SERIALIZABLE') Raises ProgrammingError when a transaction is already in progress and when ValueError when isolation_level specifies an Unknown level. """ if self.in_transaction: raise errors.ProgrammingError("Transaction already in progress") if isolation_level: level = isolation_level.strip().replace('-', ' ').upper() levels = ['READ UNCOMMITTED', 'READ COMMITTED', 'REPEATABLE READ', 'SERIALIZABLE'] if level not in levels: raise ValueError( 'Unknown isolation level "{0}"'.format(isolation_level)) self._execute_query( "SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL {0}".format(level)) if readonly is not None: if self._server_version < (5, 6, 5): raise ValueError( "MySQL server version {0} does not support " "this feature".format(self._server_version)) if readonly: access_mode = 'READ ONLY' else: access_mode = 'READ WRITE' self._execute_query( "SET TRANSACTION {0}".format(access_mode)) query = "START TRANSACTION" if consistent_snapshot: query += " WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT" self.cmd_query(query) def reset_session(self, user_variables=None, session_variables=None): """Clears the current active session This method resets the session state, if the MySQL server is 5.7.3 or later active session will be reset without re-authenticating. For other server versions session will be reset by re-authenticating. It is possible to provide a sequence of variables and their values to be set after clearing the session. This is possible for both user defined variables and session variables. This method takes two arguments user_variables and session_variables which are dictionaries. Raises OperationalError if not connected, InternalError if there are unread results and InterfaceError on errors. """ if not self.is_connected(): raise errors.OperationalError("MySQL Connection not available.") try: self.cmd_reset_connection() except (errors.NotSupportedError, NotImplementedError): if self._compress: raise errors.NotSupportedError( "Reset session is not supported with compression for " "MySQL server version 5.7.2 or earlier.") else: self.cmd_change_user(self._user, self._password, self._database, self._charset_id) if user_variables or session_variables: cur = self.cursor() if user_variables: for key, value in user_variables.items(): cur.execute("SET @`{0}` = %s".format(key), (value,)) if session_variables: for key, value in session_variables.items(): cur.execute("SET SESSION `{0}` = %s".format(key), (value,)) cur.close() def set_converter_class(self, convclass): """ Set the converter class to be used. This should be a class overloading methods and members of conversion.MySQLConverter. """ if convclass and issubclass(convclass, MySQLConverterBase): charset_name = CharacterSet.get_info(self._charset_id)[0] self._converter_class = convclass self.converter = convclass(charset_name, self._use_unicode) else: raise TypeError("Converter class should be a subclass " "of conversion.MySQLConverterBase.") @abstractmethod def get_rows(self, count=None, binary=False, columns=None): """Get all rows returned by the MySQL server""" pass def cmd_init_db(self, database): """Change the current database""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_query(self, query, raw=False, buffered=False, raw_as_string=False): """Send a query to the MySQL server""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_query_iter(self, statements): """Send one or more statements to the MySQL server""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_refresh(self, options): """Send the Refresh command to the MySQL server""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_quit(self): """Close the current connection with the server""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_shutdown(self, shutdown_type=None): """Shut down the MySQL Server""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_statistics(self): """Send the statistics command to the MySQL Server""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_process_info(self): """Get the process list of the MySQL Server This method is a placeholder to notify that the PROCESS_INFO command is not supported by raising the NotSupportedError. The command "SHOW PROCESSLIST" should be send using the cmd_query()-method or using the INFORMATION_SCHEMA database. Raises NotSupportedError exception """ raise errors.NotSupportedError( "Not implemented. Use SHOW PROCESSLIST or INFORMATION_SCHEMA") def cmd_process_kill(self, mysql_pid): """Kill a MySQL process""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_debug(self): """Send the DEBUG command""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_ping(self): """Send the PING command""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_change_user(self, username='', password='', database='', charset=33): """Change the current logged in user""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_stmt_prepare(self, statement): """Prepare a MySQL statement""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_stmt_execute(self, statement_id, data=(), parameters=(), flags=0): """Execute a prepared MySQL statement""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_stmt_close(self, statement_id): """Deallocate a prepared MySQL statement""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_stmt_send_long_data(self, statement_id, param_id, data): """Send data for a column""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_stmt_reset(self, statement_id): """Reset data for prepared statement sent as long data""" raise NotImplementedError def cmd_reset_connection(self): """Resets the session state without re-authenticating""" raise NotImplementedError @make_abc(ABCMeta) class MySQLCursorAbstract(object): """Abstract cursor class Abstract class defining cursor class with method and members required by the Python Database API Specification v2.0. """ def __init__(self): """Initialization""" self._description = None self._rowcount = -1 self._last_insert_id = None self._warnings = None self.arraysize = 1 @abstractmethod def callproc(self, procname, args=()): """Calls a stored procedure with the given arguments The arguments will be set during this session, meaning they will be called like _<procname>__arg<nr> where <nr> is an enumeration (+1) of the arguments. Coding Example: 1) Defining the Stored Routine in MySQL: CREATE PROCEDURE multiply(IN pFac1 INT, IN pFac2 INT, OUT pProd INT) BEGIN SET pProd := pFac1 * pFac2; END 2) Executing in Python: args = (5,5,0) # 0 is to hold pprod cursor.callproc('multiply', args) print(cursor.fetchone()) Does not return a value, but a result set will be available when the CALL-statement execute successfully. Raises exceptions when something is wrong. """ pass @abstractmethod def close(self): """Close the cursor.""" pass @abstractmethod def execute(self, operation, params=(), multi=False): """Executes the given operation Executes the given operation substituting any markers with the given parameters. For example, getting all rows where id is 5: cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE id = %s", (5,)) The multi argument should be set to True when executing multiple statements in one operation. If not set and multiple results are found, an InterfaceError will be raised. If warnings where generated, and connection.get_warnings is True, then self._warnings will be a list containing these warnings. Returns an iterator when multi is True, otherwise None. """ pass @abstractmethod def executemany(self, operation, seqparams): """Execute the given operation multiple times The executemany() method will execute the operation iterating over the list of parameters in seq_params. Example: Inserting 3 new employees and their phone number data = [ ('Jane','555-001'), ('Joe', '555-001'), ('John', '555-003') ] stmt = "INSERT INTO employees (name, phone) VALUES ('%s','%s')" cursor.executemany(stmt, data) INSERT statements are optimized by batching the data, that is using the MySQL multiple rows syntax. Results are discarded. If they are needed, consider looping over data using the execute() method. """ pass @abstractmethod def fetchone(self): """Returns next row of a query result set Returns a tuple or None. """ pass @abstractmethod def fetchmany(self, size=1): """Returns the next set of rows of a query result, returning a list of tuples. When no more rows are available, it returns an empty list. The number of rows returned can be specified using the size argument, which defaults to one """ pass @abstractmethod def fetchall(self): """Returns all rows of a query result set Returns a list of tuples. """ pass def nextset(self): """Not Implemented.""" pass def setinputsizes(self, sizes): """Not Implemented.""" pass def setoutputsize(self, size, column=None): """Not Implemented.""" pass def reset(self, free=True): """Reset the cursor to default""" pass @abstractproperty def description(self): """Returns description of columns in a result This property returns a list of tuples describing the columns in in a result set. A tuple is described as follows:: (column_name, type, None, None, None, None, null_ok, column_flags) # Addition to PEP-249 specs Returns a list of tuples. """ return self._description @abstractproperty def rowcount(self): """Returns the number of rows produced or affected This property returns the number of rows produced by queries such as a SELECT, or affected rows when executing DML statements like INSERT or UPDATE. Note that for non-buffered cursors it is impossible to know the number of rows produced before having fetched them all. For those, the number of rows will be -1 right after execution, and incremented when fetching rows. Returns an integer. """ return self._rowcount @abstractproperty def lastrowid(self): """Returns the value generated for an AUTO_INCREMENT column Returns the value generated for an AUTO_INCREMENT column by the previous INSERT or UPDATE statement or None when there is no such value available. Returns a long value or None. """ return self._last_insert_id def fetchwarnings(self): """Returns Warnings.""" return self._warnings