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tracing.py
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import re import uuid import contextlib import math import random import time from datetime import datetime, timedelta from numbers import Real import sentry_sdk from sentry_sdk.utils import ( capture_internal_exceptions, logger, to_string, ) from sentry_sdk._compat import PY2 from sentry_sdk._types import MYPY if PY2: from collections import Mapping else: from collections.abc import Mapping if MYPY: import typing from typing import Generator from typing import Optional from typing import Any from typing import Dict from typing import List from typing import Tuple from sentry_sdk._types import SamplingContext _traceparent_header_format_re = re.compile( "^[ \t]*" # whitespace "([0-9a-f]{32})?" # trace_id "-?([0-9a-f]{16})?" # span_id "-?([01])?" # sampled "[ \t]*$" # whitespace ) class EnvironHeaders(Mapping): # type: ignore def __init__( self, environ, # type: typing.Mapping[str, str] prefix="HTTP_", # type: str ): # type: (...) -> None self.environ = environ self.prefix = prefix def __getitem__(self, key): # type: (str) -> Optional[Any] return self.environ[self.prefix + key.replace("-", "_").upper()] def __len__(self): # type: () -> int return sum(1 for _ in iter(self)) def __iter__(self): # type: () -> Generator[str, None, None] for k in self.environ: if not isinstance(k, str): continue k = k.replace("-", "_").upper() if not k.startswith(self.prefix): continue yield k[len(self.prefix) :] class _SpanRecorder(object): """Limits the number of spans recorded in a transaction.""" __slots__ = ("maxlen", "spans") def __init__(self, maxlen): # type: (int) -> None # FIXME: this is `maxlen - 1` only to preserve historical behavior # enforced by tests. # Either this should be changed to `maxlen` or the JS SDK implementation # should be changed to match a consistent interpretation of what maxlen # limits: either transaction+spans or only child spans. self.maxlen = maxlen - 1 self.spans = [] # type: List[Span] def add(self, span): # type: (Span) -> None if len(self.spans) > self.maxlen: span._span_recorder = None else: self.spans.append(span) class Span(object): __slots__ = ( "trace_id", "span_id", "parent_span_id", "same_process_as_parent", "sampled", "op", "description", "start_timestamp", "_start_timestamp_monotonic", "status", "timestamp", "_tags", "_data", "_span_recorder", "hub", "_context_manager_state", # TODO: rename this "transaction" once we fully and truly deprecate the # old "transaction" attribute (which was actually the transaction name)? "_containing_transaction", ) def __new__(cls, **kwargs): # type: (**Any) -> Any """ Backwards-compatible implementation of Span and Transaction creation. """ # TODO: consider removing this in a future release. # This is for backwards compatibility with releases before Transaction # existed, to allow for a smoother transition. if "transaction" in kwargs: return object.__new__(Transaction) return object.__new__(cls) def __init__( self, trace_id=None, # type: Optional[str] span_id=None, # type: Optional[str] parent_span_id=None, # type: Optional[str] same_process_as_parent=True, # type: bool sampled=None, # type: Optional[bool] op=None, # type: Optional[str] description=None, # type: Optional[str] hub=None, # type: Optional[sentry_sdk.Hub] status=None, # type: Optional[str] transaction=None, # type: Optional[str] # deprecated ): # type: (...) -> None self.trace_id = trace_id or uuid.uuid4().hex self.span_id = span_id or uuid.uuid4().hex[16:] self.parent_span_id = parent_span_id self.same_process_as_parent = same_process_as_parent self.sampled = sampled self.op = op self.description = description self.status = status self.hub = hub self._tags = {} # type: Dict[str, str] self._data = {} # type: Dict[str, Any] self.start_timestamp = datetime.utcnow() try: # TODO: For Python 3.7+, we could use a clock with ns resolution: # self._start_timestamp_monotonic = time.perf_counter_ns() # Python 3.3+ self._start_timestamp_monotonic = time.perf_counter() except AttributeError: pass #: End timestamp of span self.timestamp = None # type: Optional[datetime] self._span_recorder = None # type: Optional[_SpanRecorder] self._containing_transaction = None # type: Optional[Transaction] def init_span_recorder(self, maxlen): # type: (int) -> None if self._span_recorder is None: self._span_recorder = _SpanRecorder(maxlen) self._span_recorder.add(self) def __repr__(self): # type: () -> str return "<%s(op=%r, description:%r, trace_id=%r, span_id=%r, parent_span_id=%r, sampled=%r)>" % ( self.__class__.__name__, self.op, self.description, self.trace_id, self.span_id, self.parent_span_id, self.sampled, ) def __enter__(self): # type: () -> Span hub = self.hub or sentry_sdk.Hub.current _, scope = hub._stack[-1] old_span = scope.span scope.span = self self._context_manager_state = (hub, scope, old_span) return self def __exit__(self, ty, value, tb): # type: (Optional[Any], Optional[Any], Optional[Any]) -> None if value is not None: self.set_status("internal_error") hub, scope, old_span = self._context_manager_state del self._context_manager_state self.finish(hub) scope.span = old_span def start_child(self, **kwargs): # type: (**Any) -> Span """ Start a sub-span from the current span or transaction. Takes the same arguments as the initializer of :py:class:`Span`. The trace id, sampling decision, transaction pointer, and span recorder are inherited from the current span/transaction. """ kwargs.setdefault("sampled", self.sampled) rv = Span( trace_id=self.trace_id, span_id=None, parent_span_id=self.span_id, **kwargs ) if isinstance(self, Transaction): rv._containing_transaction = self else: rv._containing_transaction = self._containing_transaction rv._span_recorder = recorder = self._span_recorder if recorder: recorder.add(rv) return rv def new_span(self, **kwargs): # type: (**Any) -> Span """Deprecated: use start_child instead.""" logger.warning("Deprecated: use Span.start_child instead of Span.new_span.") return self.start_child(**kwargs) @classmethod def continue_from_environ( cls, environ, # type: typing.Mapping[str, str] **kwargs # type: Any ): # type: (...) -> Transaction """ Create a Transaction with the given params, then add in data pulled from the 'sentry-trace' header in the environ (if any) before returning the Transaction. If the 'sentry-trace' header is malformed or missing, just create and return a Transaction instance with the given params. """ if cls is Span: logger.warning( "Deprecated: use Transaction.continue_from_environ " "instead of Span.continue_from_environ." ) return Transaction.continue_from_headers(EnvironHeaders(environ), **kwargs) @classmethod def continue_from_headers( cls, headers, # type: typing.Mapping[str, str] **kwargs # type: Any ): # type: (...) -> Transaction """ Create a Transaction with the given params, then add in data pulled from the 'sentry-trace' header (if any) before returning the Transaction. If the 'sentry-trace' header is malformed or missing, just create and return a Transaction instance with the given params. """ if cls is Span: logger.warning( "Deprecated: use Transaction.continue_from_headers " "instead of Span.continue_from_headers." ) transaction = Transaction.from_traceparent( headers.get("sentry-trace"), **kwargs ) if transaction is None: transaction = Transaction(**kwargs) transaction.same_process_as_parent = False return transaction def iter_headers(self): # type: () -> Generator[Tuple[str, str], None, None] yield "sentry-trace", self.to_traceparent() @classmethod def from_traceparent( cls, traceparent, # type: Optional[str] **kwargs # type: Any ): # type: (...) -> Optional[Transaction] """ Create a Transaction with the given params, then add in data pulled from the given 'sentry-trace' header value before returning the Transaction. If the header value is malformed or missing, just create and return a Transaction instance with the given params. """ if cls is Span: logger.warning( "Deprecated: use Transaction.from_traceparent " "instead of Span.from_traceparent." ) if not traceparent: return None if traceparent.startswith("00-") and traceparent.endswith("-00"): traceparent = traceparent[3:-3] match = _traceparent_header_format_re.match(str(traceparent)) if match is None: return None trace_id, parent_span_id, sampled_str = match.groups() if trace_id is not None: trace_id = "{:032x}".format(int(trace_id, 16)) if parent_span_id is not None: parent_span_id = "{:016x}".format(int(parent_span_id, 16)) if sampled_str: parent_sampled = sampled_str != "0" # type: Optional[bool] else: parent_sampled = None return Transaction( trace_id=trace_id, parent_span_id=parent_span_id, parent_sampled=parent_sampled, **kwargs ) def to_traceparent(self): # type: () -> str sampled = "" if self.sampled is True: sampled = "1" if self.sampled is False: sampled = "0" return "%s-%s-%s" % (self.trace_id, self.span_id, sampled) def set_tag(self, key, value): # type: (str, Any) -> None self._tags[key] = value def set_data(self, key, value): # type: (str, Any) -> None self._data[key] = value def set_status(self, value): # type: (str) -> None self.status = value def set_http_status(self, http_status): # type: (int) -> None self.set_tag("http.status_code", str(http_status)) if http_status < 400: self.set_status("ok") elif 400 <= http_status < 500: if http_status == 403: self.set_status("permission_denied") elif http_status == 404: self.set_status("not_found") elif http_status == 429: self.set_status("resource_exhausted") elif http_status == 413: self.set_status("failed_precondition") elif http_status == 401: self.set_status("unauthenticated") elif http_status == 409: self.set_status("already_exists") else: self.set_status("invalid_argument") elif 500 <= http_status < 600: if http_status == 504: self.set_status("deadline_exceeded") elif http_status == 501: self.set_status("unimplemented") elif http_status == 503: self.set_status("unavailable") else: self.set_status("internal_error") else: self.set_status("unknown_error") def is_success(self): # type: () -> bool return self.status == "ok" def finish(self, hub=None): # type: (Optional[sentry_sdk.Hub]) -> Optional[str] # XXX: would be type: (Optional[sentry_sdk.Hub]) -> None, but that leads # to incompatible return types for Span.finish and Transaction.finish. if self.timestamp is not None: # This span is already finished, ignore. return None hub = hub or self.hub or sentry_sdk.Hub.current try: duration_seconds = time.perf_counter() - self._start_timestamp_monotonic self.timestamp = self.start_timestamp + timedelta(seconds=duration_seconds) except AttributeError: self.timestamp = datetime.utcnow() _maybe_create_breadcrumbs_from_span(hub, self) return None def to_json(self): # type: () -> Dict[str, Any] rv = { "trace_id": self.trace_id, "span_id": self.span_id, "parent_span_id": self.parent_span_id, "same_process_as_parent": self.same_process_as_parent, "op": self.op, "description": self.description, "start_timestamp": self.start_timestamp, "timestamp": self.timestamp, } # type: Dict[str, Any] if self.status: self._tags["status"] = self.status tags = self._tags if tags: rv["tags"] = tags data = self._data if data: rv["data"] = data return rv def get_trace_context(self): # type: () -> Any rv = { "trace_id": self.trace_id, "span_id": self.span_id, "parent_span_id": self.parent_span_id, "op": self.op, "description": self.description, } if self.status: rv["status"] = self.status return rv class Transaction(Span): __slots__ = ("name", "parent_sampled") def __init__( self, name="", # type: str parent_sampled=None, # type: Optional[bool] **kwargs # type: Any ): # type: (...) -> None # TODO: consider removing this in a future release. # This is for backwards compatibility with releases before Transaction # existed, to allow for a smoother transition. if not name and "transaction" in kwargs: logger.warning( "Deprecated: use Transaction(name=...) to create transactions " "instead of Span(transaction=...)." ) name = kwargs.pop("transaction") Span.__init__(self, **kwargs) self.name = name self.parent_sampled = parent_sampled def __repr__(self): # type: () -> str return "<%s(name=%r, op=%r, trace_id=%r, span_id=%r, parent_span_id=%r, sampled=%r)>" % ( self.__class__.__name__, self.name, self.op, self.trace_id, self.span_id, self.parent_span_id, self.sampled, ) def finish(self, hub=None): # type: (Optional[sentry_sdk.Hub]) -> Optional[str] if self.timestamp is not None: # This transaction is already finished, ignore. return None # This is a de facto proxy for checking if sampled = False if self._span_recorder is None: logger.debug("Discarding transaction because sampled = False") return None hub = hub or self.hub or sentry_sdk.Hub.current client = hub.client if client is None: # We have no client and therefore nowhere to send this transaction. return None if not self.name: logger.warning( "Transaction has no name, falling back to `<unlabeled transaction>`." ) self.name = "<unlabeled transaction>" Span.finish(self, hub) if not self.sampled: # At this point a `sampled = None` should have already been resolved # to a concrete decision. if self.sampled is None: logger.warning("Discarding transaction without sampling decision.") return None finished_spans = [ span.to_json() for span in self._span_recorder.spans if span is not self and span.timestamp is not None ] return hub.capture_event( { "type": "transaction", "transaction": self.name, "contexts": {"trace": self.get_trace_context()}, "tags": self._tags, "timestamp": self.timestamp, "start_timestamp": self.start_timestamp, "spans": finished_spans, } ) def to_json(self): # type: () -> Dict[str, Any] rv = super(Transaction, self).to_json() rv["name"] = self.name rv["sampled"] = self.sampled rv["parent_sampled"] = self.parent_sampled return rv def _set_initial_sampling_decision(self, sampling_context): # type: (SamplingContext) -> None """ Sets the transaction's sampling decision, according to the following precedence rules: 1. If a sampling decision is passed to `start_transaction` (`start_transaction(name: "my transaction", sampled: True)`), that decision will be used, regardlesss of anything else 2. If `traces_sampler` is defined, its decision will be used. It can choose to keep or ignore any parent sampling decision, or use the sampling context data to make its own decision or to choose a sample rate for the transaction. 3. If `traces_sampler` is not defined, but there's a parent sampling decision, the parent sampling decision will be used. 4. If `traces_sampler` is not defined and there's no parent sampling decision, `traces_sample_rate` will be used. """ hub = self.hub or sentry_sdk.Hub.current client = hub.client options = (client and client.options) or {} transaction_description = "{op}transaction <{name}>".format( op=("<" + self.op + "> " if self.op else ""), name=self.name ) # nothing to do if there's no client or if tracing is disabled if not client or not has_tracing_enabled(options): self.sampled = False return # if the user has forced a sampling decision by passing a `sampled` # value when starting the transaction, go with that if self.sampled is not None: return # we would have bailed already if neither `traces_sampler` nor # `traces_sample_rate` were defined, so one of these should work; prefer # the hook if so sample_rate = ( options["traces_sampler"](sampling_context) if callable(options.get("traces_sampler")) else ( # default inheritance behavior sampling_context["parent_sampled"] if sampling_context["parent_sampled"] is not None else options["traces_sample_rate"] ) ) # Since this is coming from the user (or from a function provided by the # user), who knows what we might get. (The only valid values are # booleans or numbers between 0 and 1.) if not _is_valid_sample_rate(sample_rate): logger.warning( "[Tracing] Discarding {transaction_description} because of invalid sample rate.".format( transaction_description=transaction_description, ) ) self.sampled = False return # if the function returned 0 (or false), or if `traces_sample_rate` is # 0, it's a sign the transaction should be dropped if not sample_rate: logger.debug( "[Tracing] Discarding {transaction_description} because {reason}".format( transaction_description=transaction_description, reason=( "traces_sampler returned 0 or False" if callable(options.get("traces_sampler")) else "traces_sample_rate is set to 0" ), ) ) self.sampled = False return # Now we roll the dice. random.random is inclusive of 0, but not of 1, # so strict < is safe here. In case sample_rate is a boolean, cast it # to a float (True becomes 1.0 and False becomes 0.0) self.sampled = random.random() < float(sample_rate) if self.sampled: logger.debug( "[Tracing] Starting {transaction_description}".format( transaction_description=transaction_description, ) ) else: logger.debug( "[Tracing] Discarding {transaction_description} because it's not included in the random sample (sampling rate = {sample_rate})".format( transaction_description=transaction_description, sample_rate=float(sample_rate), ) ) def has_tracing_enabled(options): # type: (Dict[str, Any]) -> bool """ Returns True if either traces_sample_rate or traces_sampler is non-zero/defined, False otherwise. """ return bool(options.get("traces_sample_rate") or options.get("traces_sampler")) def _is_valid_sample_rate(rate): # type: (Any) -> bool """ Checks the given sample rate to make sure it is valid type and value (a boolean or a number between 0 and 1, inclusive). """ # both booleans and NaN are instances of Real, so a) checking for Real # checks for the possibility of a boolean also, and b) we have to check # separately for NaN if not isinstance(rate, Real) or math.isnan(rate): logger.warning( "[Tracing] Given sample rate is invalid. Sample rate must be a boolean or a number between 0 and 1. Got {rate} of type {type}.".format( rate=rate, type=type(rate) ) ) return False # in case rate is a boolean, it will get cast to 1 if it's True and 0 if it's False rate = float(rate) if rate < 0 or rate > 1: logger.warning( "[Tracing] Given sample rate is invalid. Sample rate must be between 0 and 1. Got {rate}.".format( rate=rate ) ) return False return True def _format_sql(cursor, sql): # type: (Any, str) -> Optional[str] real_sql = None # If we're using psycopg2, it could be that we're # looking at a query that uses Composed objects. Use psycopg2's mogrify # function to format the query. We lose per-parameter trimming but gain # accuracy in formatting. try: if hasattr(cursor, "mogrify"): real_sql = cursor.mogrify(sql) if isinstance(real_sql, bytes): real_sql = real_sql.decode(cursor.connection.encoding) except Exception: real_sql = None return real_sql or to_string(sql) @contextlib.contextmanager def record_sql_queries( hub, # type: sentry_sdk.Hub cursor, # type: Any query, # type: Any params_list, # type: Any paramstyle, # type: Optional[str] executemany, # type: bool ): # type: (...) -> Generator[Span, None, None] # TODO: Bring back capturing of params by default if hub.client and hub.client.options["_experiments"].get( "record_sql_params", False ): if not params_list or params_list == [None]: params_list = None if paramstyle == "pyformat": paramstyle = "format" else: params_list = None paramstyle = None query = _format_sql(cursor, query) data = {} if params_list is not None: data["db.params"] = params_list if paramstyle is not None: data["db.paramstyle"] = paramstyle if executemany: data["db.executemany"] = True with capture_internal_exceptions(): hub.add_breadcrumb(message=query, category="query", data=data) with hub.start_span(op="db", description=query) as span: for k, v in data.items(): span.set_data(k, v) yield span def _maybe_create_breadcrumbs_from_span(hub, span): # type: (sentry_sdk.Hub, Span) -> None if span.op == "redis": hub.add_breadcrumb( message=span.description, type="redis", category="redis", data=span._tags ) elif span.op == "http": hub.add_breadcrumb(type="http", category="httplib", data=span._data) elif span.op == "subprocess": hub.add_breadcrumb( type="subprocess", category="subprocess", message=span.description, data=span._data, )