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url.py
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from __future__ import annotations import re import typing from ..exceptions import LocationParseError from .util import to_str # We only want to normalize urls with an HTTP(S) scheme. # urllib3 infers URLs without a scheme (None) to be http. _NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES = ("http", "https", None) # Almost all of these patterns were derived from the # 'rfc3986' module: https://github.com/python-hyper/rfc3986 _PERCENT_RE = re.compile(r"%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}") _SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r"^(?:[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+-]*:|/)") _URI_RE = re.compile( r"^(?:([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*):)?" r"(?://([^\\/?#]*))?" r"([^?#]*)" r"(?:\?([^#]*))?" r"(?:#(.*))?$", re.UNICODE | re.DOTALL, ) _IPV4_PAT = r"(?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}" _HEX_PAT = "[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}" _LS32_PAT = "(?:{hex}:{hex}|{ipv4})".format(hex=_HEX_PAT, ipv4=_IPV4_PAT) _subs = {"hex": _HEX_PAT, "ls32": _LS32_PAT} _variations = [ # 6( h16 ":" ) ls32 "(?:%(hex)s:){6}%(ls32)s", # "::" 5( h16 ":" ) ls32 "::(?:%(hex)s:){5}%(ls32)s", # [ h16 ] "::" 4( h16 ":" ) ls32 "(?:%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){4}%(ls32)s", # [ *1( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 3( h16 ":" ) ls32 "(?:(?:%(hex)s:)?%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){3}%(ls32)s", # [ *2( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 2( h16 ":" ) ls32 "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,2}%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){2}%(ls32)s", # [ *3( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" h16 ":" ls32 "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,3}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s:%(ls32)s", # [ *4( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" ls32 "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,4}%(hex)s)?::%(ls32)s", # [ *5( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" h16 "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,5}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s", # [ *6( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,6}%(hex)s)?::", ] _UNRESERVED_PAT = r"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789._\-~" _IPV6_PAT = "(?:" + "|".join([x % _subs for x in _variations]) + ")" _ZONE_ID_PAT = "(?:%25|%)(?:[" + _UNRESERVED_PAT + "]|%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})+" _IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT = r"\[" + _IPV6_PAT + r"(?:" + _ZONE_ID_PAT + r")?\]" _REG_NAME_PAT = r"(?:[^\[\]%:/?#]|%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})*" _TARGET_RE = re.compile(r"^(/[^?#]*)(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#.*)?$") _IPV4_RE = re.compile("^" + _IPV4_PAT + "$") _IPV6_RE = re.compile("^" + _IPV6_PAT + "$") _IPV6_ADDRZ_RE = re.compile("^" + _IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT + "$") _BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE = re.compile("^" + _IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT[2:-2] + "$") _ZONE_ID_RE = re.compile("(" + _ZONE_ID_PAT + r")\]$") _HOST_PORT_PAT = ("^(%s|%s|%s)(?::0*?(|0|[1-9][0-9]{0,4}))?$") % ( _REG_NAME_PAT, _IPV4_PAT, _IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT, ) _HOST_PORT_RE = re.compile(_HOST_PORT_PAT, re.UNICODE | re.DOTALL) _UNRESERVED_CHARS = set( "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789._-~" ) _SUB_DELIM_CHARS = set("!$&'()*+,;=") _USERINFO_CHARS = _UNRESERVED_CHARS | _SUB_DELIM_CHARS | {":"} _PATH_CHARS = _USERINFO_CHARS | {"@", "/"} _QUERY_CHARS = _FRAGMENT_CHARS = _PATH_CHARS | {"?"} class Url( typing.NamedTuple( "Url", [ ("scheme", typing.Optional[str]), ("auth", typing.Optional[str]), ("host", typing.Optional[str]), ("port", typing.Optional[int]), ("path", typing.Optional[str]), ("query", typing.Optional[str]), ("fragment", typing.Optional[str]), ], ) ): """ Data structure for representing an HTTP URL. Used as a return value for :func:`parse_url`. Both the scheme and host are normalized as they are both case-insensitive according to RFC 3986. """ def __new__( # type: ignore[no-untyped-def] cls, scheme: str | None = None, auth: str | None = None, host: str | None = None, port: int | None = None, path: str | None = None, query: str | None = None, fragment: str | None = None, ): if path and not path.startswith("/"): path = "/" + path if scheme is not None: scheme = scheme.lower() return super().__new__(cls, scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment) @property def hostname(self) -> str | None: """For backwards-compatibility with urlparse. We're nice like that.""" return self.host @property def request_uri(self) -> str: """Absolute path including the query string.""" uri = self.path or "/" if self.query is not None: uri += "?" + self.query return uri @property def authority(self) -> str | None: """ Authority component as defined in RFC 3986 3.2. This includes userinfo (auth), host and port. i.e. userinfo@host:port """ userinfo = self.auth netloc = self.netloc if netloc is None or userinfo is None: return netloc else: return f"{userinfo}@{netloc}" @property def netloc(self) -> str | None: """ Network location including host and port. If you need the equivalent of urllib.parse's ``netloc``, use the ``authority`` property instead. """ if self.host is None: return None if self.port: return f"{self.host}:{self.port}" return self.host @property def url(self) -> str: """ Convert self into a url This function should more or less round-trip with :func:`.parse_url`. The returned url may not be exactly the same as the url inputted to :func:`.parse_url`, but it should be equivalent by the RFC (e.g., urls with a blank port will have : removed). Example: .. code-block:: python import urllib3 U = urllib3.util.parse_url("https://google.com/mail/") print(U.url) # "https://google.com/mail/" print( urllib3.util.Url("https", "username:password", "host.com", 80, "/path", "query", "fragment" ).url ) # "https://username:password@host.com:80/path?query#fragment" """ scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = self url = "" # We use "is not None" we want things to happen with empty strings (or 0 port) if scheme is not None: url += scheme + "://" if auth is not None: url += auth + "@" if host is not None: url += host if port is not None: url += ":" + str(port) if path is not None: url += path if query is not None: url += "?" + query if fragment is not None: url += "#" + fragment return url def __str__(self) -> str: return self.url @typing.overload def _encode_invalid_chars( component: str, allowed_chars: typing.Container[str] ) -> str: # Abstract ... @typing.overload def _encode_invalid_chars( component: None, allowed_chars: typing.Container[str] ) -> None: # Abstract ... def _encode_invalid_chars( component: str | None, allowed_chars: typing.Container[str] ) -> str | None: """Percent-encodes a URI component without reapplying onto an already percent-encoded component. """ if component is None: return component component = to_str(component) # Normalize existing percent-encoded bytes. # Try to see if the component we're encoding is already percent-encoded # so we can skip all '%' characters but still encode all others. component, percent_encodings = _PERCENT_RE.subn( lambda match: match.group(0).upper(), component ) uri_bytes = component.encode("utf-8", "surrogatepass") is_percent_encoded = percent_encodings == uri_bytes.count(b"%") encoded_component = bytearray() for i in range(0, len(uri_bytes)): # Will return a single character bytestring byte = uri_bytes[i : i + 1] byte_ord = ord(byte) if (is_percent_encoded and byte == b"%") or ( byte_ord < 128 and byte.decode() in allowed_chars ): encoded_component += byte continue encoded_component.extend(b"%" + (hex(byte_ord)[2:].encode().zfill(2).upper())) return encoded_component.decode() def _remove_path_dot_segments(path: str) -> str: # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.4 for pseudo-code segments = path.split("/") # Turn the path into a list of segments output = [] # Initialize the variable to use to store output for segment in segments: # '.' is the current directory, so ignore it, it is superfluous if segment == ".": continue # Anything other than '..', should be appended to the output if segment != "..": output.append(segment) # In this case segment == '..', if we can, we should pop the last # element elif output: output.pop() # If the path starts with '/' and the output is empty or the first string # is non-empty if path.startswith("/") and (not output or output[0]): output.insert(0, "") # If the path starts with '/.' or '/..' ensure we add one more empty # string to add a trailing '/' if path.endswith(("/.", "/..")): output.append("") return "/".join(output) @typing.overload def _normalize_host(host: None, scheme: str | None) -> None: ... @typing.overload def _normalize_host(host: str, scheme: str | None) -> str: ... def _normalize_host(host: str | None, scheme: str | None) -> str | None: if host: if scheme in _NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES: is_ipv6 = _IPV6_ADDRZ_RE.match(host) if is_ipv6: # IPv6 hosts of the form 'a::b%zone' are encoded in a URL as # such per RFC 6874: 'a::b%25zone'. Unquote the ZoneID # separator as necessary to return a valid RFC 4007 scoped IP. match = _ZONE_ID_RE.search(host) if match: start, end = match.span(1) zone_id = host[start:end] if zone_id.startswith("%25") and zone_id != "%25": zone_id = zone_id[3:] else: zone_id = zone_id[1:] zone_id = _encode_invalid_chars(zone_id, _UNRESERVED_CHARS) return f"{host[:start].lower()}%{zone_id}{host[end:]}" else: return host.lower() elif not _IPV4_RE.match(host): return to_str( b".".join([_idna_encode(label) for label in host.split(".")]), "ascii", ) return host def _idna_encode(name: str) -> bytes: if not name.isascii(): try: import idna except ImportError: raise LocationParseError( "Unable to parse URL without the 'idna' module" ) from None try: return idna.encode(name.lower(), strict=True, std3_rules=True) except idna.IDNAError: raise LocationParseError( f"Name '{name}' is not a valid IDNA label" ) from None return name.lower().encode("ascii") def _encode_target(target: str) -> str: """Percent-encodes a request target so that there are no invalid characters Pre-condition for this function is that 'target' must start with '/'. If that is the case then _TARGET_RE will always produce a match. """ match = _TARGET_RE.match(target) if not match: # Defensive: raise LocationParseError(f"{target!r} is not a valid request URI") path, query = match.groups() encoded_target = _encode_invalid_chars(path, _PATH_CHARS) if query is not None: query = _encode_invalid_chars(query, _QUERY_CHARS) encoded_target += "?" + query return encoded_target def parse_url(url: str) -> Url: """ Given a url, return a parsed :class:`.Url` namedtuple. Best-effort is performed to parse incomplete urls. Fields not provided will be None. This parser is RFC 3986 and RFC 6874 compliant. The parser logic and helper functions are based heavily on work done in the ``rfc3986`` module. :param str url: URL to parse into a :class:`.Url` namedtuple. Partly backwards-compatible with :mod:`urllib.parse`. Example: .. code-block:: python import urllib3 print( urllib3.util.parse_url('http://google.com/mail/')) # Url(scheme='http', host='google.com', port=None, path='/mail/', ...) print( urllib3.util.parse_url('google.com:80')) # Url(scheme=None, host='google.com', port=80, path=None, ...) print( urllib3.util.parse_url('/foo?bar')) # Url(scheme=None, host=None, port=None, path='/foo', query='bar', ...) """ if not url: # Empty return Url() source_url = url if not _SCHEME_RE.search(url): url = "//" + url scheme: str | None authority: str | None auth: str | None host: str | None port: str | None port_int: int | None path: str | None query: str | None fragment: str | None try: scheme, authority, path, query, fragment = _URI_RE.match(url).groups() # type: ignore[union-attr] normalize_uri = scheme is None or scheme.lower() in _NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES if scheme: scheme = scheme.lower() if authority: auth, _, host_port = authority.rpartition("@") auth = auth or None host, port = _HOST_PORT_RE.match(host_port).groups() # type: ignore[union-attr] if auth and normalize_uri: auth = _encode_invalid_chars(auth, _USERINFO_CHARS) if port == "": port = None else: auth, host, port = None, None, None if port is not None: port_int = int(port) if not (0 <= port_int <= 65535): raise LocationParseError(url) else: port_int = None host = _normalize_host(host, scheme) if normalize_uri and path: path = _remove_path_dot_segments(path) path = _encode_invalid_chars(path, _PATH_CHARS) if normalize_uri and query: query = _encode_invalid_chars(query, _QUERY_CHARS) if normalize_uri and fragment: fragment = _encode_invalid_chars(fragment, _FRAGMENT_CHARS) except (ValueError, AttributeError) as e: raise LocationParseError(source_url) from e # For the sake of backwards compatibility we put empty # string values for path if there are any defined values # beyond the path in the URL. # TODO: Remove this when we break backwards compatibility. if not path: if query is not None or fragment is not None: path = "" else: path = None return Url( scheme=scheme, auth=auth, host=host, port=port_int, path=path, query=query, fragment=fragment, )