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.. _`package_discovery`: ======================================== Package Discovery and Namespace Package ======================================== .. note:: a full specification for the keyword supplied to ``setup.cfg`` or ``setup.py`` can be found at :doc:`keywords reference <keywords>` .. note:: the examples provided here are only to demonstrate the functionality introduced. More metadata and options arguments need to be supplied if you want to replicate them on your system. If you are completely new to setuptools, the :doc:`quickstart section <quickstart>` is a good place to start. ``Setuptools`` provide powerful tools to handle package discovery, including support for namespace package. Normally, you would specify the package to be included manually in the following manner: .. tab:: setup.cfg .. code-block:: ini [options] #... packages = mypkg1 mypkg2 .. tab:: setup.py .. code-block:: python setup( # ... packages=['mypkg1', 'mypkg2'] ) This can get tiresome really quickly. To speed things up, we introduce two functions provided by setuptools: .. tab:: setup.cfg .. code-block:: ini [options] packages = find: #or packages = find_namespace: .. tab:: setup.py .. code-block:: python from setuptools import find_packages # or from setuptools import find_namespace_packages Using ``find:`` or ``find_packages`` ==================================== Let's start with the first tool. ``find:`` (``find_packages``) takes a source directory and two lists of package name patterns to exclude and include, and then return a list of ``str`` representing the packages it could find. To use it, consider the following directory .. code-block:: bash mypkg/ src/ pkg1/__init__.py pkg2/__init__.py additional/__init__.py setup.cfg #or setup.py To have your setup.cfg or setup.py to automatically include packages found in ``src`` that starts with the name ``pkg`` and not ``additional``: .. tab:: setup.cfg .. code-block:: ini [options] packages = find: package_dir = =src [options.packages.find] where = src include = pkg* exclude = additional .. tab:: setup.py .. code-block:: python setup( # ... packages=find_packages( where='src', include=['pkg*'], exclude=['additional'], ), package_dir={"": "src"} # ... ) .. _Namespace Packages: Using ``find_namespace:`` or ``find_namespace_packages`` ======================================================== ``setuptools`` provides the ``find_namespace:`` (``find_namespace_packages``) which behaves similarly to ``find:`` but works with namespace package. Before diving in, it is important to have a good understanding of what namespace packages are. Here is a quick recap: Suppose you have two packages named as follows: .. code-block:: bash /Users/Desktop/timmins/foo/__init__.py /Library/timmins/bar/__init__.py If both ``Desktop`` and ``Library`` are on your ``PYTHONPATH``, then a namespace package called ``timmins`` will be created automatically for you when you invoke the import mechanism, allowing you to accomplish the following .. code-block:: pycon >>> import timmins.foo >>> import timmins.bar as if there is only one ``timmins`` on your system. The two packages can then be distributed separately and installed individually without affecting the other one. Suppose you are packaging the ``foo`` part: .. code-block:: bash foo/ src/ timmins/foo/__init__.py setup.cfg # or setup.py and you want the ``foo`` to be automatically included, ``find:`` won't work because timmins doesn't contain ``__init__.py`` directly, instead, you have to use ``find_namespace:``: .. code-block:: ini [options] package_dir = =src packages = find_namespace: [options.packages.find] where = src When you install the zipped distribution, ``timmins.foo`` would become available to your interpreter. You can think of ``find_namespace:`` as identical to ``find:`` except it would count a directory as a package even if it doesn't contain ``__init__.py`` file directly. As a result, this creates an interesting side effect. If you organize your package like this: .. code-block:: bash foo/ timmins/ foo/__init__.py setup.cfg # or setup.py tests/ test_foo/__init__.py a naive ``find_namespace:`` would include tests as part of your package to be installed. A simple way to fix it is to adopt the aforementioned ``src`` layout. Legacy Namespace Packages ========================= The fact you can create namespace package so effortlessly above is credited to `PEP 420 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0420/>`_. It use to be more cumbersome to accomplish the same result. Historically, there were two methods to create namespace packages. One is the ``pkg_resources`` style supported by ``setuptools`` and the other one being ``pkgutils`` style offered by ``pkgutils`` module in Python. Both are now considered deprecated despite the fact they still linger in many existing packages. These two differ in many subtle yet significant aspects and you can find out more on `Python packaging user guide <https://packaging.python.org/guides/packaging-namespace-packages/>`_ ``pkg_resource`` style namespace package ---------------------------------------- This is the method ``setuptools`` directly supports. Starting with the same layout, there are two pieces you need to add to it. First, an ``__init__.py`` file directly under your namespace package directory that contains the following: .. code-block:: python __import__("pkg_resources").declare_namespace(__name__) And the ``namespace_packages`` keyword in your ``setup.cfg`` or ``setup.py``: .. tab:: setup.cfg .. code-block:: ini [options] namespace_packages = timmins .. tab:: setup.py .. code-block:: python setup( # ... namespace_packages=['timmins'] ) And your directory should look like this .. code-block:: bash /foo/ src/ timmins/ __init__.py foo/__init__.py setup.cfg #or setup.py Repeat the same for other packages and you can achieve the same result as the previous section. ``pkgutil`` style namespace package ----------------------------------- This method is almost identical to the ``pkg_resource`` except that the ``namespace_packages`` declaration is omitted and the ``__init__.py`` file contains the following: .. code-block:: python __path__ = __import__('pkgutil').extend_path(__path__, __name__) The project layout remains the same and ``setup.cfg`` remains the same.